The development of advanced manufacturing clusters is an inevitable requirement for China to build a manufacturing power and a key measure to achieve high-quality economic development. Based on the “cluster theory”, the entropy weight-TOPSIS method was used to measure the level of advanced manufacturing clusters in the seven major regions of China, and their dynamic evolution and convergence were explored. The research found that, on the whole, the level of advanced manufacturing clusters in the seven major regions of China shows a significant gradient distribution trend. The Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, relying on early policy dividends and the externalities of the innovation network, have formed a scale economy that promotes the cluster to leap to a higher stage. The Northeast region is constrained by the rigid lock-in of traditional heavy industry and the lag of marketization, and the Chengdu-Chongqing, the Central Yangtze River, and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia regions are trapped in a “low-level equilibrium trap” due to weak infrastructure and the lack of an innovation ecosystem. From the perspective of dynamic evolution, the regional differences in the level of advanced manufacturing clusters have expanded and tend to be multi-polarized, the cluster scale has evolved in a stepwise manner, and the polarization trend of cluster connectivity and specialization has intensified. From the perspective of convergence, the level of advanced manufacturing clusters and its sub-dimensions have not shown a significant σ convergence trend. This study provides suggestions for reasonably narrowing regional differences and promoting the development of advanced manufacturing clusters in China.